Endothelialization
Camouflage™ promotes Endothelialization
The integration of surface coatings, such as Camouflage™, aims to mitigate these complications by enhancing both hemocompatibility and endothelialization, allowing for smoother recovery and better device integration. There are real risks in untreated surfaces, however, Camouflage™ coatings provide a robust solution.
Implantable devices typically function in two phases which involve thrombus formation, and endothelialization:
1. Thrombus Formation Phase
Platelets in the bloodstream become activated, which is essential for thrombus (clot) formation. Over days to weeks, a stable thrombus develops within the serving as a scaffold for further healing. While necessary, this phase carries the risk of clot propagation and device-related thrombosis if poorly managed.
2. Endothelialization Phase
Over months to years, the thrombus transforms into collagen. During this phase, endothelial cells, which line the blood vessels and integrate it into the vascular system. This endothelial layer is critical to the long-term success of the devices, preventing complications such as clot formation.
Challenges of Bare Metal Surfaces
Bare metal surfaces are susceptible to multiple biological reactions that can hinder the healing process. When exposed to blood circulation, the surface oattracts proteins that may trigger:
Inflammation
Activation of the intrinsic coagulation cascade
Platelet adhesion and activation
These reactions increase the risk of thrombosis, which can lead to serious complications, including stroke. Without a protective coating, the surface of the substrate interacts with platelets, fibrinogen, and other clotting factors, making clot formation more likely.
Key Data Highlights:
Endotheliazation-Nitinol Stents
Fig 1 & 2 are evidence of Camouflage™ coating on a nitinol stents and below demonstrates the increased attachment of endothelial cells to Nitinol surfaces coated with camouflage™ compared to controls.
Endothelialization- Cell viability
Viability of cells on coated and uncoated NiTi stents after 1hr semi-dynamic incubation and after 29hr static incubation.
The Camouflage™ Advantage:
Reduced Thrombosis Risk: By promoting endothelialization, Camouflage™ minimizes the risk of blood clot formation, a common issue with implants like stents and heart valves.
Enhanced Biocompatibility:The rapid formation of a natural endothelial layer reduces immune reactions and inflammation, helping the implant integrate seamlessly with the body.
Improved Long-Term Device Performance: With superior endothelial coverage, devices coated with Camouflage™ experience better long-term stability, reducing the need for revision surgeries and improving patient outcomes.
Faster Healing Time: Camouflage™ accelerates the body’s natural healing process, allowing for quicker recovery and reduced complications post-implantation.
Mechanism of Action
Cell Adhesion: The surface properties of Camouflage™ are engineered to facilitate the adhesion of endothelial cells. This is achieved by allowing a layer of the patients proteins to adhere to the surface and provide a stable surface for cell attachment.
Cell Proliferation: Once endothelial cells adhere to the Camouflage™-coated surface, the coating supports their proliferation and migration. This ensures that the cells can spread across the surface of the implant, forming a continuous and uniform endothelial layer.
Maturation: After the endothelial cells have adhered and proliferated, Camouflage™ supports the maturation of the endothelial layer. This maturation process involves the cells developing into a fully functional barrier that closely resembles the natural endothelium of blood vessels. A mature endothelial layer is essential for maintaining long-term hemocompatibility and reducing the risk of complications.
Factors Influencing Endotheliazation
Surface Properties: The surface characteristics of the implant, such as texture and chemistry, can influence endothelial cell adhesion and growth. Camouflage™ works to ensure that surface area is prepared for cell growth.
Biocompatibility: Camouflage™ makes the material of the implant to be biocompatible tosupport endothelialization.
Hemodynamics: Camouflage™ is ultra-thin and does not alter the hemodynamic designs of devices so that there are no adverse conditions that would impede endothelialization.
By choosing Camouflage™, medical device manufacturers can ensure their products meet the highest standards of biocompatibility and performance, while ultimately improving patient safety and outcomes. Camouflage™ can be applied on Vascular grafts, Cardiovascular implants, Dialysis devices etc.
Next step
Why Choose Camouflage™?
With Camouflage™, medical device manufacturers gain access to an advanced coating technology that directly addresses the challenges of endotheliazation. Choosing Camouflage™ means choosing:
Safety: Reduced risk of life-threatening complications such as thrombosis and immune reactions.
Performance: Long-term device functionality with fewer complications.
Patient Trust: Devices that integrate seamlessly with the body lead to better patient outcomes and satisfaction.
